1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione

1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione, commonly known as alizarin, is an organic compound and a naturally occurring red dye. It belongs to the anthraquinone family, characterized by a fused aromatic ring system. The molecule's structure features two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to carbons 1 and 2 and two ketone groups (=O) at carbons 9 and 10 of the anthracene core. This specific configuration contributes to its vibrant red color and its ability to bind to metal ions, making it a useful mordant dye for textiles. Alizarin's history spans from ancient dyeing practices to its role as a research tool in chemistry and biology.

1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione meaning with examples

• Historically, 1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione was extracted from the madder plant, *Rubia tinctorum*, and used to dye fabrics red, a process crucial in ancient civilizations. Its ability to create vibrant and colorfast shades made it highly valued for textiles, clothing, and various other applications. The dye's significance extended across different cultures and historical periods, shaping the course of textile production.
• The process of dying using 1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione involved the application of the dye to a mordanted material. The mordant, usually a metallic salt, such as aluminum or iron, creates a chemical bridge between the dye and the fabric. The dye can then be applied to wool or cotton fabrics, with each mordant producing a different colored outcome, allowing for color variety.
• In analytical chemistry, 1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione is employed as a complexing agent. It interacts with various metal ions, forming colored complexes. This property is used in spectrophotometric analysis for the detection and quantification of metal ions. This application has been applied in environmental monitoring to assess metal contamination, and for research into metal-ion interactions.
• Research applications of 1,2-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione include its potential medicinal properties. Research studies on its bioactivity include the potential of anticancer and antioxidant effects. These investigations aim to explore its role in various biological pathways, and to identify potential therapeutic applications. While research continues, alizarin's potential is significant.