Adenoma

An adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that originates in glandular tissue, the type of tissue that lines the inside of certain organs and produces secretions like hormones, mucus, and digestive enzymes. Adenomas are typically characterized by an overgrowth of cells that, while abnormal, haven't developed the capacity to invade surrounding tissues or metastasize (spread) to distant sites. They can occur in various parts of the body, including the colon, thyroid, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, and liver. While generally harmless, some adenomas have the potential to transform into malignant (cancerous) tumors over time, making their detection and monitoring crucial. Regular screening, particularly for colorectal adenomas, is often recommended.

Adenoma meaning with examples

• During a routine colonoscopy, Dr. Ramirez discovered a small adenoma in the patient's colon. He explained it was a common finding and scheduled its removal as a preventative measure. The patient was relieved to learn it was benign, but understood the need for follow-up examinations to ensure no new adenomas developed or existing ones changed.
• The endocrinologist ordered further tests after a small adenoma was found on the patient's pituitary gland. While most pituitary adenomas are non-functional, they still needed to determine if it produced excess hormones that could affect other functions in the body, and require hormone therapy or surgery.
• The radiologist identified an adenoma on the thyroid during an ultrasound. She discussed the results with the patient, including the need for a biopsy to determine the type and if any further treatment, such as medication or thyroid removal, might be necessary.
• A liver scan revealed a hepatic adenoma in the patient, often linked to oral contraceptive use. The physician advised monitoring its size and growth with periodic imaging, as larger adenomas carried a slightly higher risk of bleeding or, though rare, malignant transformation, and a removal was planned if risks raised.
• The patient, with a history of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), underwent frequent colonoscopies to screen for and remove any colorectal adenomas, significantly reducing their risk of developing colon cancer. Early detection and intervention are vital to manage the increased risks of this genetic condition.