Ascites

Ascites is the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity, the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within the abdomen. This fluid buildup often results in abdominal swelling and discomfort. It's frequently associated with underlying medical conditions such as liver cirrhosis, certain cancers (particularly those originating in the abdomen), heart failure, kidney failure, and infections like peritonitis. The fluid itself can be a transudate (low protein content) or an exudate (high protein content), influencing diagnostic approaches. Its identification is key to managing symptoms and addressing the underlying pathology, and can be diagnosed through physical examination, imaging, and paracentesis. Symptoms are distension, shortness of breath, and weight gain.

Ascites meaning with examples

• Mr. Jones, a patient with advanced liver cirrhosis, presented with a markedly distended abdomen, a clear indication of ascites. Doctors performed a paracentesis to drain the fluid, relieving his discomfort. They also adjusted his diuretic medication to manage fluid retention and treated complications, aiming to reduce ascites and prevent recurrences and improving his quality of life.
• During a routine checkup, Mrs. Davis' physician noted abdominal swelling, leading to further investigation. Imaging confirmed the presence of ascites, and subsequent tests revealed a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy and paracentesis became crucial elements in managing both her ascites and the cancer, with the goal of controlling tumor growth and improving her well-being.
• A patient admitted with severe heart failure exhibited symptoms of ascites alongside other signs of fluid overload, such as leg edema and lung congestion. Treatment involved the administration of diuretics, restricting sodium intake, and potentially performing a paracentesis to ease the pressure on organs and address the ascites. Management aimed to correct cardiac issues.
• Following an abdominal surgery, the patient developed a fever and abdominal pain, along with signs of ascites. This indicated potential peritonitis, which was confirmed through fluid analysis. Immediate treatment with antibiotics and drainage of the ascitic fluid was necessary to combat the infection and treat the buildup of liquid in the cavity, with frequent follow ups.