Autopoietic describes a system that is self-producing, self-maintaining, and self-referential. This means the system creates and regenerates its own components, defining its own boundaries and operating based on its internal processes. autopoietic systems are typically closed, in that they operate independently of external control in their structure. While they may exchange information and resources with their environment, the fundamental structure of the system is not determined by it. This contrasts with allopoietic systems, which rely on external factors for structure or are produced by external sources. A key feature is that the interactions of the system's parts create the system itself, continuously reinforcing and recreating the system's organization. The term originates from the Greek words 'auto' (self) and 'poiesis' (creation/production).
Autopoietic meaning with examples
- A cell is an example of an autopoietic system. The cell membrane acts as a boundary, defining its internal environment and regulating the exchange of molecules with its surroundings. Inside, various organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes) are continuously synthesized and maintained through complex biochemical reactions. The components are created to reinforce the cell's structure, and its boundaries are constantly redefined as it regenerates.
- Consider a social network that, through user interactions, creates its own rules and norms of behavior. New users can be invited, and posts can be formed without external direction. Users are added/removed, new content is created and shared, and the network structure adapts as needed. Its autopoietic nature arises from the self-regulating feedback loops where actions influence the network’s evolution, without a central authority directing the changes.
- A biological ecosystem that functions as a relatively self-contained system can demonstrate autopoietic behavior, as there is an exchange of resources but it maintains its structural integrity. Plants produce oxygen; animals use it and consume plants. Over time, the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors shape and maintain the system. Even if external disturbances occur, like climate fluctuations, the system tends to recover its internal order, reinforcing its boundaries and structural consistency.
- Think of a creative, self-sustaining art movement. Artists, inspired by each other's work, generate new artistic expressions. The interactions between artists, their artworks, and the associated critical discussions form a feedback loop. The movement’s identity emerges from this internal process of creation and interpretation, resulting in the movement's continual regeneration. There is little need for external actors to impact their core processes.
- A corporation operating with a high degree of autonomy and internal process-driven innovation can be seen as somewhat autopoietic. The corporation establishes its own goals, generates new products, and adapts its internal structure to the needs of the market. It continuously recreates and maintains its structure, adapting to the business environment while defining its own internal operations and, therefore, demonstrating self-organization.