B-horizon

The B-horizon, also known as the subsoil, is a soil layer found beneath the A-horizon (topsoil) and above the C-horizon (parent material). It's characterized by the accumulation of materials like clay, iron oxides, and organic matter leached from the overlying A-horizon or formed in place. This horizon often displays a distinct color, structure, and texture compared to the horizons above and below. It is a zone of illuviation where these materials are deposited, leading to increased density and often a reddish or yellowish hue. It serves as a critical area for water and nutrient retention within the soil profile, impacting plant growth.

B-horizon meaning with examples

• The farmer carefully analyzed the B-horizon of their field to understand water retention rates. Soil samples from the B-horizon revealed high clay content, indicating good water storage capacity. This information guided irrigation decisions, ensuring optimal moisture levels for the crops, thus increasing the crop yield. The deep red color also indicated ample levels of iron oxides, as a result.
• During a soil survey, the scientist observed a well-developed B-horizon rich in organic matter. This led to the conclusion that the area had excellent soil fertility. This was a key factor in determining its suitability for a new orchard, since it could retain nutrients. The study further noted that the clay mineral composition was a sign of the soil profile's age.
• The construction crew encountered a hardpan layer within the B-horizon during excavation. Its presence required the use of heavy machinery. This limited the depth to which foundations could be laid, affecting the building's design and impacting soil drainage. The decision was made to stabilize the B-horizon.
• Researchers studying the impact of acid rain on soil profiles focused on the B-horizon. Analysis of this layer showed a significant increase in the leaching of minerals. This meant that it led to a reduction in soil fertility. The team developed a remediation strategy which included adding lime to neutralize the soil.