Biocatalyst

A biocatalyst is a substance, typically a protein or RNA molecule, that speeds up or facilitates a biochemical reaction within a living organism. These biological catalysts, primarily enzymes, work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. They are highly specific, meaning they usually act on only one or a few related substrates. Biocatalysts are essential for countless biological processes, ranging from digestion and respiration to DNA replication and protein synthesis. Their efficiency, specificity, and ability to function under mild conditions make them invaluable in various industrial applications.

Biocatalyst meaning with examples

• Enzymes are the most common type of biocatalyst. Amylase, a biocatalyst found in saliva, breaks down starch into simpler sugars. This makes carbohydrates easier to digest. Without amylase, the process would be significantly slower or not possible. The biocatalyst efficiently initiates the breakdown of starch.
• In biofuel production, biocatalysts, like enzymes from yeast, are used to convert plant biomass into ethanol. The biocatalyst accelerates the fermentation process, making it more efficient and cost-effective. These biocatalysts contribute to cleaner energy.
• Pharmaceutical companies use biocatalysts to synthesize complex drug molecules. These biological catalysts allow for more specific and environmentally friendly methods. Specificity of a biocatalyst minimizes unwanted byproducts. Using biocatalysts can reduce waste and improve the safety of drug production.
• Biocatalysts play a crucial role in wastewater treatment. Microorganisms, acting as biocatalysts, break down pollutants and organic matter in sewage, cleaning the water. These organisms utilize the pollutants for energy. The result is cleaner water and a more sustainable process.