By-product

A by-product is a secondary or incidental product arising from a manufacturing process or other activity. It is a substance that is produced during the creation of something else, often considered less valuable or even a waste product compared to the primary output. However, by-products can sometimes be repurposed or utilized for other applications, adding value to the overall process and potentially generating additional revenue. The significance of a by-product depends on its properties, market demand, and the economic feasibility of processing or using it. Often, a by-product can offset the cost of the main product if re-used. It is a result, a consequence or something that 'comes along for the ride' in the main process.

By-product meaning with examples

• The refining of crude oil produces gasoline as the primary product, but asphalt and various petroleum-based chemicals are also by-products. These by-products are important resources in construction and the chemical industry. They are often sold and their value is high. If a manufacturer can not sell these by-products then they become waste.
• During the production of steel, slag, a mixture of molten oxides, emerges as a by-product. Historically, this was discarded, but now the steel company sells the slag because it has a value to the construction industry. This increases profit margins, which offsets the costs of steel production. Modern methods re-purpose and gain value.
• The lumber industry generates sawdust as a by-product of cutting timber. In some cases, sawdust is used to create composite wood products, like particleboard, or is sold as bedding for animals or as a fuel source. However, in other cases it is considered to be a waste product if it can not be re-used.
• When brewing beer, spent grain, a residue of malted barley, is a common by-product. This by-product is often used as animal feed because it contains valuable nutrients. This can improve the sustainability of brewing and reduce waste, which is very important for brewers. Some may choose to give it away.