Calcitonin

Calcitonin is a peptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland in mammals and the ultimobranchial bodies in other vertebrates. Its primary function is to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism. It acts to reduce blood calcium levels by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for breaking down bone and releasing calcium. Consequently, it promotes the incorporation of calcium into bone, making the bones stronger and more resistant to fractures. calcitonin is also used medically to treat conditions like hypercalcemia and osteoporosis.

Calcitonin meaning with examples

• In patients with hypercalcemia, the administration of calcitonin can rapidly lower the elevated calcium levels. Its ability to inhibit bone resorption makes it a vital therapeutic agent in this specific context. The hormone acts quickly to reduce the free calcium in the bloodstream, thus mitigating potentially severe consequences. The fast-acting properties are critical in acute hypercalcemic situations.
• Calcitonin plays a significant role in maintaining the delicate balance of calcium homeostasis. It works in direct opposition to parathyroid hormone. Their interplay is fundamental to healthy bone maintenance and general metabolic function. This regulatory action protects the body from excessively high calcium levels, which could lead to significant problems.
• Studies involving calcitonin therapy for osteoporosis have shown that the hormone can increase bone mineral density and decrease the risk of fractures. The hormonal impact reduces bone loss by slowing the activity of bone-resorbing cells. In the long run, calcitonin supports the integrity of the skeletal system, and reduces the likelihood of bone breaks.
• Calcitonin may be prescribed in a nasal spray or injectable form, depending on the patient's condition and preferences. The choice of administration method depends on the speed of action required and patient compliance factors. Both delivery routes can effectively lower calcium levels, providing flexibility for clinical applications.
• After thyroidectomy, the levels of calcitonin often need to be monitored, particularly if medullary thyroid carcinoma is present. The absence of C cells requires continued scrutiny with blood work. In these instances, elevated calcitonin can be an indicator of a potential cancer recurrence or spread of the cancer.