Calque

A calque is a type of loan translation in linguistics where a word or phrase is translated literally into another language, preserving the original structure and meaning. This translation method can result in new linguistic forms that may not exist in the borrowing language. Calques are often used to create equivalent terms for modern concepts in regions where a direct counterpart in the native language is absent.

Calque meaning with examples

• The term 'skyscraper' in English was calqued into French as 'gratte-ciel', literally translating to 'scrape-sky'. This transformation highlights the creativity involved in language adaptation and the cultural significance of architectural innovation.
• In the realm of technology, the English phrase 'computer virus' has been calqued into various languages, such as 'Virus de computadoras' in Spanish. This helps non-English speakers understand modern technological concepts in their native tongues.
• In the world of literature, the German term 'Kopfschmerzen' meaning 'head pains' is a calque. This showcases how languages can creatively interpret medical terminology while keeping the meaning understandable to speakers who may share similar linguistic roots.
• The French phrase 'mariage civil', meaning 'civil marriage', serves as a notable calque in discussions about legal unions, differentiating from religious marriages and allowing for clarity in legal and cultural contexts throughout Francophone countries.