Cytopathology

Cytopathology is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases at the cellular level. It involves the microscopic examination of individual cells or small clusters of cells collected from various body sites, such as the lungs, breast, or cervix. The primary goal of cytopathology is to detect and classify cellular abnormalities, including those indicative of infections, inflammation, or, most importantly, cancer. This process often involves the preparation of cellular specimens, staining techniques, and the use of advanced imaging methods to identify and characterize the morphology and molecular features of cells. The goal is to provide quick and accurate diagnostic information to guide clinical management and treatment decisions.

Cytopathology meaning with examples

• A pulmonologist ordered a cytopathology evaluation of a patient's lung cells obtained through bronchoscopy to investigate a suspicious nodule. The cytopathologist examined the cellular characteristics, looking for any evidence of cancerous changes in the lung tissue. The analysis provided crucial diagnostic information and guided the subsequent treatment plan.
• A fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed on a breast lump, and the obtained cells were sent to a cytopathology lab. The cytopathologist carefully examined the cell samples, searching for any signs of malignancy. The cytopathology report helped determine the need for further diagnostics or immediate therapeutic intervention.
• In screening for cervical cancer, a cytopathology report is essential. The Pap test, the common screening test in the United States, is used to collect cells from the cervix. A cytopathologist will review the cells and report the findings, with the aim of finding any signs of precancerous or cancerous cells, enabling prompt treatment.
• A patient presented with a skin lesion, and a cytopathology assessment was ordered after a biopsy was performed. The cytopathology report revealed malignant cells that had the morphology of a melanoma. The timely analysis was essential in determining the stage of the disease and to begin a treatment plan.