Developmentalism
Developmentalism is a political and economic ideology that prioritizes economic growth and industrialization, often through state intervention and strategic planning. It posits that these measures are crucial for achieving national progress, improving living standards, and asserting a nation's position in the global arena. Emphasis is frequently placed on education, technological advancement, infrastructure investment, and protectionist trade policies to foster indigenous industries and create jobs. The central goal is typically to transform a nation from an agrarian or resource-based economy into a diversified, industrial one, sometimes at the expense of other considerations.
Developmentalism meaning with examples
- Following World War II, many newly independent nations adopted developmentalism, implementing Five-Year Plans and prioritizing heavy industry to catch up with the industrialized West. This resulted in rapid economic growth and infrastructure projects, though often accompanied by political authoritarianism.
- Critics of developmentalism argue it can lead to environmental damage and social inequality. The focus on rapid economic growth can neglect environmental concerns and the benefits of the industrial expansion aren't shared by all segments of the population, widening the gap between rich and poor.
- In post-colonial Africa, developmentalism was often employed with the aim of fostering national unity and creating a more stable and prosperous society. However, the economic outcomes were often mixed due to a variety of factors, including corruption and lack of efficient implementation.
- During the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union promoted their versions of developmentalism, offering aid and influence to nations aligning with their respective ideologies. Each side used developmentalism to extend their influence in the Third World.
