Diffusion

Diffusion is the process by which molecules of a substance move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in a more even distribution. This movement occurs due to the random motion of particles and continues until equilibrium is reached. Diffusion is a fundamental physical process that affects various phenomena across different scientific fields, including biology, chemistry, and physics. Factors influencing the rate of Diffusion include temperature, concentration gradient, and the size and nature of the diffusing molecules. It is vital for processes like gas exchange in lungs and nutrient transport within cells.

Diffusion meaning with examples

• In a cup of hot coffee, adding a spoonful of sugar will cause the sugar molecules to diffuse throughout the liquid. The sugar will spread out, resulting in a sweeter taste throughout the coffee. The rate of this Diffusion depends on the temperature of the coffee, hotter coffee making the Diffusion occur faster.
• Oxygen molecules diffuse from the alveoli in the lungs into the bloodstream. This oxygen is essential for the body's cells. The blood carries the oxygen to cells where it can be used for energy. Carbon dioxide, produced by cells, diffuses into the bloodstream, and eventually the lungs to be exhaled.
• In a room with an open perfume bottle, the scent molecules will diffuse outwards, from an area of high concentration (near the bottle) to areas of lower concentration. Eventually, the entire room might smell of the perfume. The process is quicker in a space with good air circulation.
• A drop of food coloring placed in water will diffuse over time. It is slow due to the higher viscosity of water, causing the colored molecules to spread throughout the water, creating a uniformly colored solution, showing the action of Brownian motion.
• In cellular biology, nutrients diffuse across the cell membrane to be used. The waste products created in the cells then diffuse out. Cell membranes have selective permeability allowing for Diffusion in and out of the cells. The rate of Diffusion influences cell processes.