Epifaunal

Relating to, or denoting organisms that live on the surface of a sea bed, riverbed, or other submerged substrate, rather than within it (infaunal). epifaunal organisms can attach to hard surfaces, move freely over the bottom, or live on the shells or bodies of other animals. Their lifestyle is significantly influenced by factors like water currents, sediment type, and the presence of predators. They form a crucial component of benthic ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling and serving as food for various other marine creatures. Their presence, or absence, can reflect the health and quality of the water environment.

Epifaunal meaning with examples

• The research team documented a rich epifaunal community, including starfish and sea urchins, thriving on the rocky reef. These organisms were essential in maintaining the biodiversity of the ecosystem, grazing on algae and providing shelter for smaller species. The abundance of these epifaunal animals indicated a healthy and stable habitat.
• During the dredge survey, scientists observed a decrease in epifaunal populations. This decline was attributed to the increased sedimentation disrupting the habitat of the bivalves and barnacles, which form an integral part of the base food chain, impacting the whole eco-system.
• The study investigated the impact of pollution on epifaunal species found on the coral reef. The researchers found that certain pollutants significantly reduced the number of sea anemones and sponges, impacting the reef's intricate ecological balance, ultimately damaging the whole environment.
• The submersible provided detailed images of the epifaunal distribution on the seafloor, revealing distinct patterns related to the water currents and substrate composition. The data showed that certain species preferred sandy bottoms, while others thrived on hard surfaces, showing the complexity of life.
• Comparing the composition of epifaunal communities in restored and unrestored salt marshes, scientists assessed the effectiveness of the restoration efforts. They observed a substantial increase in the diversity and abundance of the epifaunal invertebrates in the restored areas.