Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton is a rigid or tough external covering that protects the body of an animal. It provides structural support, protects against predators, and prevents water loss. Found in arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids), mollusks (certain snails and clams), and some other invertebrates, exoskeletons are typically composed of materials like chitin (arthropods) or calcium carbonate (mollusks). Unlike endoskeletons (internal skeletons), exoskeletons limit growth, requiring the animal to shed its exoskeleton through molting or shedding, and form a new, larger one periodically. They also serve as attachment points for muscles, enabling movement.

Exoskeleton meaning with examples

• The crab's hard exoskeleton provided excellent protection against attacks by larger predators. This tough shell, mainly composed of calcium carbonate, created a challenging barrier to overcome. As the crab grew, it would eventually need to shed its exoskeleton. Once the molting was finished, the crab would have a new and larger protective shell, so it could continue to survive.
• The cicada, during its nymph stage, lives inside a thick, brown exoskeleton for several years. This shell provides a safe haven for the developing insect, shielding it from the environment and its predators. When ready, the cicada molts, leaving behind its old, rigid exoskeleton. This is where the cicada transitions and becomes an adult with wings.
• Scientists studying the fossil record have discovered that ancient trilobites possessed complex exoskeletons. These exoskeletons reveal a great deal about the trilobite's anatomy and how it lived. The presence of these fossils allows us to investigate evolution and how life has changed across vast periods of time. Studying exoskeletons also provides valuable insights into the structure and functionality of past ecosystems.
• The design of certain robots takes inspiration from exoskeletons found in nature, particularly arthropods. These robotic exoskeletons offer increased strength and physical capabilities for humans or other machines. Engineers are constantly improving these designs to improve their efficiency and practical applications in fields such as medicine, manufacturing, and even space exploration.