Fixatives

Fixatives are substances used to preserve, stabilize, or render permanent a material or specimen. They work by chemically altering the structure of the target, preventing degradation or change. In art, they can be sprays or solutions that protect a finished artwork. In histology and cytology, fixatives like formalin or glutaraldehyde are crucial for preserving cells and tissues for microscopic examination. They are employed in various fields, including art, science, and photography, and vary depending on the target and desired outcome. The goal is to maintain the original form and features by stopping chemical or biological processes. Their specific composition and method of application depend on the nature of the material being treated.

Fixatives meaning with examples

• The artist applied a layer of fixative to her charcoal drawing to prevent smudging and protect it from environmental damage. This crucial step ensured the longevity of her work, safeguarding the delicate details and preventing the graphite from flaking or fading. She used a spray fixative with UV protection for added durability.
• In the laboratory, biologists used a glutaraldehyde-based fixative to preserve tissue samples for electron microscopy. The fixative cross-linked proteins, halting cellular processes and solidifying the structure. This action ensured the tissue retained its original form during preparation for high-magnification imaging and allowed for detailed analysis.
• Photographers sometimes employ fixatives during the development of film negatives to remove unexposed silver halide crystals. This step prevents light exposure, which would darken the image and makes the image permanent. A standard fixing bath usually contains sodium thiosulphate and provides the final processing stage.
• In the restoration of antique documents, conservators used a fixative solution to consolidate fragile ink and prevent its further deterioration. By applying the fixative carefully, they stabilized the ink, allowing for the handling of the document without risk of loss. It prevented any further spreading or fading of the inscription.
• Hair stylists use fixatives in the form of hairsprays or gels to maintain a hairstyle's structure and hold. The fixative sets the hair in the desired shape by binding the strands together or coating them. This process ensures the style is preserved and protected from humidity and external factors.