However

As an adverb and conjunction, 'however' introduces a statement that contrasts or qualifies a preceding one. It indicates a surprising or contrasting element, often marking a shift in thought. It can also mean 'in whatever way' or 'to whatever degree' in less common usages. It provides a bridge between two ideas, signaling that what follows modifies or opposes what came before. Its primary function is to establish contrast, concession, or limitation in written and spoken communication. It is used to smoothly transition between related yet opposing arguments. In its other uses, 'however' emphasizes the extent or manner of an action.

However meaning with examples

• The weather forecast predicted sunshine; however, dark clouds soon gathered overhead, and it began to rain. This demonstrates a sudden change from an expected state, highlighting the contrasting reality. The 'however' provides the bridge between expectation and actuality. The unexpected shift is the core of this usage.
• She was offered the promotion; however, she decided to decline it, citing personal reasons. Here, the expected action (accepting the promotion) is contrasted with the actual outcome (declining it). 'However' serves to highlight the surprising nature of her decision, given the initial offer.
• The project encountered several setbacks; however, the team remained determined to succeed. The sentence introduces a challenge then shows a contrasting attitude. It highlights the resilience of the team by contrasting the negative setbacks with their continued dedication, illustrating perseverance.
• He studied diligently for the exam; however, he still felt unprepared when he walked into the testing room. The expectation would be to feel confident but this sentence suggests a contrast. This implies the existence of some other factor beyond study such as anxiety or the scope of the test.