Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are large, Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) that are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses, also known as antigens. Each immunoglobulin is specific to a particular antigen. They play a critical role in the adaptive immune response, recognizing and binding to antigens to facilitate their removal or destruction. Different classes of immunoglobulins exist, each with a distinct structure and function, aiding in diverse immune defense mechanisms. Their presence and concentration are used to diagnose various diseases.
Immunoglobulins meaning with examples
- During an infection, the body produces various immunoglobulins to target and eliminate the invading pathogens. immunoglobulins are produced in response to the body detecting foreign substances. These molecules act as a signal for the immune system to respond to the foreign pathogens. High levels of certain immunoglobulins, like IgG, can indicate a previous infection and can be the beginning of immunity.
- Vaccines introduce antigens to stimulate the immune system, prompting it to produce immunoglobulins without causing disease. The production of the immunoglobulins will then protect from future infection. The presence of these immunoglobulins, especially IgG, ensures that the person is immune or has protection to the antigen. Therefore, future exposure will likely result in less severe infections, or none at all.
- Immunoglobulins are crucial in protecting against many diseases. They play a role in the immune system to target and neutralize the pathogens in the body. Some immunoglobulins can neutralize toxins produced by bacteria, while others can activate the complement system to destroy infected cells. Immunoglobulin deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to infections.
- Doctors can measure the levels of different immunoglobulins in the blood to diagnose certain diseases. The specific levels of immunoglobulins, such as IgE, can identify the presence of allergies. Immunoglobulin levels can fluctuate during different phases of an infection or disease, providing important diagnostic information. Immunoglobulin levels, whether high or low, help provide insight into the disease.
- In some autoimmune diseases, the body produces autoantibodies, which are a type of immunoglobulins that target the body's own tissues. This can result in chronic inflammation and tissue damage, making the body attack itself. immunoglobulins also have uses in medical treatments. Autoimmune diseases are hard to treat, but immunoglobulins provide a small relief for some.