Lexigram

A lexigram is a symbol representing a word or concept, used primarily in non-verbal communication systems, particularly with primates and other animals. These symbols typically feature geometric shapes and are chosen to be visually distinct, minimizing ambiguity. Each lexigram corresponds to a specific meaning, allowing users to construct sentences or express ideas by combining them. Their design prioritizes ease of learning and recognition, making them a useful tool in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for individuals with communication challenges, as well as in animal language studies.

Lexigram meaning with examples

• Kanzi the bonobo learned a significant vocabulary of lexigrams. By pointing to the lexigram for 'banana', he could request a banana. When presented with novel situations, he could combine these to communicate his wishes. The design of lexigrams meant that a language system was achievable. Kanzi could convey needs, desires, and even abstract concepts. Lexigrams became a way to explore primate communication beyond gestures.
• Researchers developed a set of lexigrams for a dolphin named Phoenix. By selecting the lexigram 'play' Phoenix could express a desire to play. Training involved associating specific symbols with actions or objects. This was used to study dolphin understanding of words and language structure. The project allowed researchers to determine language-like behavior in a non-human species. This led to further research into the ways lexigrams could allow interspecies communications.
• A young child with autism was introduced to lexigrams as a means of communicating. The child began by learning lexigrams for basic needs, like 'water' and 'food'. Using a lexigram board, the child could begin to express their needs and communicate with their carers. Over time, the child was able to expand their lexicon. Eventually developing complex sentences to share ideas and feelings. This improved the quality of life.
• A study used a lexigram system to examine communication in chimpanzees. Chimpanzees used lexigrams to request objects and express preferences. Analysis revealed patterns of combining lexigrams to form requests. These observations provided insight into the cognitive processes. The work improved the use of language. This led to a better understanding of animal communication complexity.
• In an educational setting, teachers use lexigrams to introduce pre-reading skills. Children use lexigrams to construct sentences to encourage literacy development. This creates associations between written and spoken language. Lexigrams are useful in teaching early literacy and language development skills. This approach is a stepping stone to a more complete form of literacy.