May

May is a versatile modal verb, primarily expressing possibility, permission, probability, and (less commonly) obligation. It indicates that something is allowed, likely, or potentially going to happen. It can also express a wish or hope. When expressing possibility, 'may' suggests a weaker degree of certainty compared to 'will' or 'might'. Permission indicates that the subject is allowed to do something, often granted by a superior authority or rules. The nuance of expressing a wish typically appears in formal contexts. While its uses seem to be broad, there can be a fine distinction, where other words might replace it and offer a sharper degree of meaning.

May meaning with examples

• The weather forecast suggests it may rain later today. There's a good chance, but it's not a definite. The use of 'may' softens the prediction. We don't have enough information to be certain, so we have to add some ambiguity, while still suggesting the possibility that it's not guaranteed to happen later today. Its versatility can cover many situations. But it's worth noting the nuance in a particular phrase to determine the actual feeling.
• You may borrow my car, but please be careful. This implies permission. The speaker is allowing the listener to use the car, which is also an action that is permitted. However, there is the added element of care, implying that the speaker requires proper handling, which is a condition of its use. Without permission, the action is illegal and inappropriate. The listener has been provided permission to do something. If the condition is ignored, permission is revoked.
• She may not attend the party because she is feeling unwell. This indicates a possibility. However, 'may not' expresses a possibility of negation, meaning she's unlikely to attend, but not impossible. There is a low level of certainty that the event will happen because the reasons have been clearly stated. It represents a chance that the event will not happen, or a suggestion, with a hint of some doubt. It offers a good sense of doubt.
• may your dreams come true! This expresses a wish. Often used in formal or sentimental situations to convey a hope or desire for someone's well-being. The use of the modal verb 'may' in this context introduces a formal tone. Wishes such as these are also often found within prayers and religious settings. This phrasing is a means of conveying a certain level of sincerity and respect, which creates a thoughtful mood.
• Students may access the library during designated hours. This grants permission through established rules. Rules and systems of organization are in place which define clear parameters about who can use the library and when, which may cover a large set of students. The rules provide this set of guidelines to determine when the resource is accessible. Following these guidelines ensures that a large group of students can share use of the resource.