Neutropenia

Neutropenia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in fighting bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are essential for the body's defense against pathogens. The severity of neutropenia is categorized based on the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), with higher ANC values indicating a lower risk of infection. Causes can be varied, including medications, infections, autoimmune disorders, and bone marrow disorders.

Neutropenia meaning with examples

• Patients undergoing chemotherapy often develop neutropenia, making them highly susceptible to infections. Doctors closely monitor their ANC and may adjust the treatment plan or administer growth factors to stimulate neutrophil production. Hand hygiene and other infection control measures become paramount during these periods to minimize infection risk and allow the patient to recover.
• A young child with a history of frequent infections was diagnosed with cyclical neutropenia, a rare genetic disorder. Their neutrophil counts fluctuate periodically, leaving them vulnerable at specific times and making frequent monitoring, medication and proactive measures like avoiding crowds, a part of their daily routines.
• Advanced HIV infection can lead to severe neutropenia due to damage to the immune system and effects of some antiretroviral therapies. The decreased neutrophil count significantly raises the risk of opportunistic infections like pneumonia and fungal infections, highlighting the need for early detection and treatment.
• Long-term use of certain antibiotics and medications for arthritis sometimes result in drug-induced neutropenia. Physicians will often cease the use of such medicines, as they can cause decreased levels of neutrophils and an increased risk of potentially fatal infections and sepsis.