Non-observable

The term 'non-observable' describes something that cannot be directly perceived through the senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell) or measured by existing scientific instruments. It pertains to entities, phenomena, or properties that are beyond the scope of empirical observation. This often involves abstract concepts, theoretical constructs, or events that occur at scales or locations inaccessible to direct human examination. The concept is fundamental to discussions in fields such as quantum physics, metaphysics, and philosophy of science. Its importance lies in the limitations it imposes on our knowledge and understanding, and how we generate knowledge to address them, such as relying on inference and experimentation. The non-observable is often contrasted with the observable, highlighting the differences in their accessibility and our methods of study.

Non-observable meaning with examples

• In quantum mechanics, the exact position and momentum of a subatomic particle are considered non-observable simultaneously, due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. While we can measure one property, the act of observation alters the other, making a complete, simultaneous picture impossible to obtain through direct measurement. Experiments reveal only probabilistic outcomes, not definite states, underscoring the inherent limitations of observation at this fundamental level. This impacts how scientists model and predict particle behavior and their interactions.
• Consider the concept of 'consciousness' within cognitive science. While brain activity can be observed using fMRI or EEG, the subjective experience of consciousness itself is non-observable directly. We rely on introspective reports, behavioral experiments, and philosophical reasoning to understand its nature. This lack of direct observation presents a fundamental challenge. The mind-body problem remains an area of intense debate, highlighting the difficultly, though not the impossibility, of developing an accurate model of consciousness.
• Moral principles, such as 'justice' or 'fairness,' are largely non-observable. While we can observe actions and their consequences, the underlying moral motivations and the abstract concepts of these ideals are not directly measurable. Instead, we infer their presence through ethical frameworks, societal norms, and legal systems. The concept becomes part of a debate with legal and sociological impact, and shapes social interactions by informing decision-making.
• In cosmology, the very early universe, including the period of inflation, is considered largely non-observable because it's too far away and time is short. The rapid expansion and its underlying mechanisms are hypothesized from observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the distribution of galaxies. We study such areas using mathematics and theoretical models as we strive to explain what is unseen and cannot be measured with present technology, but can still generate measurable impacts today.