Non-parallelism

Non-parallelism, in essence, refers to a lack of structural consistency within a piece of writing or programming, particularly in elements intended to function in similar roles or contribute equally to an argument. It manifests when grammatical or stylistic elements – such as phrases, clauses, sentences, or list items – are not expressed in a uniform format. This can disrupt the flow, diminish clarity, and weaken the overall impact of communication. Effectively, it violates the principle of using similar grammatical structures for items that are logically or semantically equivalent, leading to a jarring and disjointed presentation of ideas.

Non-parallelism meaning with examples

• The project's success depends on careful planning, effective execution, and the team's dedication. The original sentence demonstrated non-parallelism, mixing a noun phrase ('careful planning') with a noun phrase ('effective execution') and then a possessive noun phrase. A revised sentence using the noun phrases; 'effective execution' and 'the team's dedication' would correct the non-parallelism.
• Instead of saying, "I enjoy to hike, to swim, and reading," which exhibits non-parallelism (an infinitive and a gerund), the sentence should read "I enjoy hiking, swimming, and reading." Consistent use of gerunds enhances the clarity and rhythm of the sentence, making it easier for the reader to process the list's elements and their equal weight.
• The committee discussed the company's finances, the marketing strategies, and how they should improve employee morale. This sentence illustrates non-parallelism. 'The company's finances', is a noun phrase, followed by a noun phrase ('marketing strategies'), and a clause. Correcting the non-parallelism the sentence should be structured like: 'The committee discussed the company's finances, the marketing strategies, and the enhancement of employee morale.
• The conference's agenda included speeches by industry leaders, interactive workshops that involved attendees, and networking opportunities. This displays non-parallelism because the list items vary structurally: a noun phrase, a phrase, and a noun phrase. The agenda would be easier to read if all elements followed the same structure: 'Speeches, Workshops, and Networking.
• To make the report more appealing, the writer aimed to use short sentences and varied diction, although this resulted in a non-parallel structure. One clause contained two adjectives and another a noun phrase. To correct this non-parallel structure the sentence could be edited as follows: 'The writer aimed for concision, stylistic variety, and clarity; unfortunately, non-parallelism emerged.