Outgroup

An 'outgroup' refers to a social group or category to which an individual does not belong, and with which they may experience a sense of difference, competition, or opposition. Often, this involves a 'them' versus 'us' mentality, where the outgroup is perceived as distinct from, and sometimes even inferior to, the ingroup (the individual's own group). This differentiation can influence perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, leading to in-group bias, prejudice, and discrimination. The significance of an outgroup is determined by the specific context, social norms, and power dynamics in play. These dynamics also influence how the outgroup is perceived and treated.

Outgroup meaning with examples

• During the election, the candidate frequently demonized the opposing party, portraying them as an outgroup with harmful intentions. This strategy aimed to consolidate support among their own base and create a strong 'us' versus 'them' narrative. Such rhetoric risks exacerbating social divisions and fostering distrust, making productive dialogue and compromise difficult.
• In the workplace, employees from a different department, perceived as an outgroup, might be viewed with suspicion or skepticism, especially during periods of resource competition. This can lead to decreased collaboration and the spread of misinformation and bias. Open communication and efforts to foster shared goals are critical for overcoming these barriers.
• Historically, marginalized groups, such as racial or ethnic minorities, have often been constructed as outgroups by dominant societal forces. This can manifest in discriminatory policies, biased media portrayals, and hate crimes, creating a climate of inequality and exclusion.
• Within a sports context, the opposing team is often seen as an outgroup. Fans might display strong in-group bias, cheering for their team and criticizing the opposing team. This can create a sense of rivalry and enhance the excitement of the game, however, it can also lead to aggressive behavior.
• Teenagers, at times, will create outgroups of the other students at school. They may see other groups as outgroups. This leads to cliques and different areas, depending on the shared traits.