Overgeneralization

Overgeneralization is a cognitive error in which a conclusion is drawn based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence. It involves applying a broad statement or assumption to a group of people or situations, often ignoring individual differences or nuances. This results in inaccurate or illogical inferences, frequently leading to stereotypes, prejudices, and flawed decision-making. It can stem from limited exposure, biased perspectives, or a desire for simplification. The core issue lies in the failure to acknowledge the complexity of reality and the varied outcomes possible within any given context, instead imposing a sweeping judgment that does not reflect the whole truth.

Overgeneralization meaning with examples

• After a negative experience with one rude salesperson, Sarah declared, 'All salespeople are pushy and untrustworthy.' This broad statement, ignoring the vast population of salespeople, demonstrates an overgeneralization. Sarah’s singular interaction, likely a poor indicator for the entire group, is now colouring her perceptions of the rest, making her judgements potentially unfair.
• Because one article suggested all teenagers are addicted to social media, the older generation now assumes the same for all of their children and grandchildren, showing an overgeneralization. This stereotype overlooks the diverse behaviours and social media usage among teenagers, many of whom engage responsibly or not at all with such platforms. Media outlets frequently overgeneralize to garner attention.
• Following a few instances of public transport delays, John concluded, 'The entire public transportation system is unreliable and always late.' This demonstrates an overgeneralization since it disregards the vast network of the system, the many punctual services, and the variety of issues that may be involved in a delay. John's conclusion presents a mischaracterization based on limited sampling.
• After a poor experience with a dog from a specific breed, Mike declared, 'All dogs of that breed are aggressive and dangerous.' He is making an overgeneralization by failing to consider individual differences, training, and environment. Individual dog behavior is ignored and Mike has failed to realize that this breed in particular can also have wonderful dogs.