Periphrasis

Periphrasis (pronounced per-IF-ruh-sis) refers to the use of excessive or indirect language to express a simple idea. It involves circumlocution, where a concept is described in a roundabout way rather than stated directly and concisely. This rhetorical device often employs more words than necessary, sometimes for the sake of elaboration, to avoid directness, or for stylistic effect. The effectiveness of periphrasis can vary; it may clarify or obscure the intended meaning, depending on its skillful application and the context in which it is used. Understanding periphrasis involves recognizing the substitution of a direct term with an extended phrase.

Periphrasis meaning with examples

• Instead of saying 'He died,' the obituary used periphrasis: 'He has departed this mortal coil and gone to a better place.' The indirect phrasing softens the directness of the statement about death. This style, while wordy, is a culturally-sanctioned way to express the loss. The additional descriptive language is designed to be comforting in its indirectness and to avoid the stark harshness of 'died.'
• The politician, wanting to avoid directly answering the journalist, used periphrasis: 'The current situation is under careful examination by my dedicated team, and we are working on an approach that will optimize the desired outcomes.' This roundabout response avoids a definitive answer and gives the impression of activity without making any real commitment. The use of periphrasis serves as a stall tactic.
• In the context of creative writing, a character might use periphrasis to create a unique voice: 'The one I am referencing who is always in the library is a devotee of the book. He reads all day.' By being overly descriptive, the character provides insight into their view of the person they are talking about. This lengthy introduction is an indicator of the character's speech and mannerisms, providing character details beyond the action.
• Legal documents frequently employ periphrasis. Rather than saying 'the house,' a contract might use 'the dwelling located at 123 Main Street, including all structures and improvements attached thereto.' This meticulous wording aims to remove any ambiguity and include all possible elements covered by the agreement. The overlong, complex sentence makes the legal term very clear at a cost of verbosity.