Recitative

Recitative is a style of vocal delivery that imitates and emphasizes the natural inflections of speech. It is characterized by a rhythm that is free and flexible, closely following the rhythm of the text. The melodic range is typically narrow, and the vocal line is often syllabic, with each syllable receiving one note. recitative serves to advance the plot or narrative, and often appears in operas, oratorios, and cantatas, bridging the gap between arias and choruses, and enabling the dramatic flow of the piece. The accompaniment is generally sparse.

Recitative meaning with examples

• In the opera, the dramatic tension built during the recitative between the lovers. Their dialogue, delivered in a style akin to speech, revealed their inner turmoil. The orchestra provided a subtle background, highlighting the emotional weight of each spoken phrase, leading directly into their upcoming duet where the intensity of their emotions would be fully laid bare for the audience.
• The composer used recitative in the oratorio to narrate the events of the biblical story. The soloist sang the recitative, almost speaking the words, punctuated by brief instrumental interludes. The flexible rhythm and syllabic setting allowed the audience to understand the narrative and focus on the dramatic progression, building anticipation for the following chorus.
• As the hero relayed his perilous journey, the recitative allowed the singer to convey the hardship and adventure. The accompaniment was deliberately kept to a bare minimum, focusing on conveying the emotional depth of each line, and the audience leaned forward to comprehend his every word. It was a powerful way to connect with the listeners.
• During the performance, the recitative provided a crucial link between the elaborate arias. The quickening pace and simpler harmonies of the recitative built tension, and the narrator's words took prominence, emphasizing the plot's details. By providing a contrast, the composer was able to create a more complex, memorable work for the audience.