Run-off

A run-off refers to the drainage or flow of water or substances from a surface, often after precipitation or irrigation. It can also describe a second competitive election held when no single candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round. Furthermore, run-off can indicate the surplus or excess of something, like in business or manufacturing. The term highlights a process of overflowing, drainage, or additional competition, each carrying its own set of implications.

Run-off meaning with examples

• Heavy rainfall caused significant surface run-off, carrying topsoil and pollutants into the nearby river. This polluted the water, killing aquatic life and impacting the local ecosystem, posing a danger to the city's water supply. Effective drainage systems were needed to mitigate damage and protect public health in the area. Addressing this is a constant fight for civil engineers.
• In the mayoral election, since no candidate secured over 50% of the votes, a run-off election was scheduled between the top two contenders. This was intended to ensure one wins over the other. Campaigning intensified during the run-off, with candidates making extra efforts to rally support.
• After a successful quarter, the company had a significant cash run-off, indicating healthy profits and the generation of capital. Management decided to reinvest the funds into its growth, thus helping to secure the company’s future and expand on previous successes, which had a significant impact on shareholder equity.
• The chemical plant's run-off containing toxic waste was a serious environmental hazard, leading to a large fine and a court case. The company was criticised for lack of action and negligence. A costly clean-up operation was also carried out to clean up the damaged environment in the surrounding area.
• Farmers utilized irrigation, resulting in run-off that increased groundwater recharge in the region. The water collected here was essential to sustaining local agriculture. Though some environmentalists were concerned about potential fertilizer residue in the runoff, and requested further studies be carried out in the area.