Semimetals

Semimetals, also known as metalloids, are a group of chemical elements that exhibit properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. They typically have a metallic appearance but are brittle and tend to be poor conductors of electricity at room temperature, improving conductivity at elevated temperatures or under specific conditions. semimetals often form amphoteric oxides, meaning their oxides can react with both acids and bases. Their electronic properties make them crucial in semiconductor technology, where they are used in transistors, integrated circuits, and other electronic devices. The term itself reflects their 'semi-' or partial metallic character, bridging the gap between two broader classifications of elements. They also display variable valency, allowing for the formation of various compounds.

Semimetals meaning with examples

• Silicon, a common semimetal, is essential in the production of microchips and solar panels. Its semiconducting properties allow for controlled electrical conductivity, making it ideal for transistors. The example of a solar panel is the use of silicon to capture sunlight in its semiconductors converting them to electricity, or photovoltaic effect. This ability to switch between conductive and non-conductive states is vital for modern electronics.
• Boron, another semimetal, is used in various applications, including strengthening alloys and as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. Its high melting point and hardness make it valuable in these scenarios. Boron's unique properties make it useful for high strength equipment or armor, such as boron carbide to provide wear resistance. As with other semi metals, it can also be used to create specialized glasses for lab uses and other applications
• Germanium, a semimetal, was one of the first materials used in transistors before silicon became dominant. Although silicon now has overtaken it, it still has a role to play in the manufacture of other semiconductor equipment. It is also used in infrared optics due to its transparency to infrared radiation. The role as a semiconductor means it can still be used, just not in large quantities as it had been in its peak.
• Arsenic, a semimetal, is notorious for its toxicity but finds applications in specialized alloys and as a component in some semiconductors. Its presence is, however, carefully controlled due to health concerns, the same way that lead may be used in batteries. The amount of Arsenic in modern equipment is often very low, with the goal to increase the efficiency of the end product. This often relies on the amount needed as the material will still produce a desired result.