Sesterce

A sesterce (plural: sestertii) was an ancient Roman silver coin, originally made of silver, but later of brass or bronze. Its value fluctuated over time, but it was generally equal to a quarter of a denarius (a more valuable silver coin), and one-hundredth of an aureus (a gold coin). The sesterce served as a standard unit of account for significant periods of Roman history, influencing how wealth, taxation, and costs were assessed. Beyond its monetary function, the sesterce reflects the broader economic complexities of ancient Rome, highlighting social stratification, trade practices, and the power dynamics within the empire. Many inscriptions and historical accounts reference the sesterce, providing valuable insights into the daily lives and economic conditions of Roman citizens.

Sesterce meaning with examples

• The merchant quoted the price of the imported silk at 20,000 sestertii, a sum which would represent a considerable outlay. Even with inflated prices, the wealthy citizen could afford to purchase the fine cloth. They had little concern about the potential economic impacts as they indulged in fine goods.
• During the reign of Emperor Claudius, the cost of grain rose to 5 sestertii per modius, leading to widespread hardship amongst the poorer classes. Riots, triggered by food shortages, caused social unrest throughout the city. This demonstrates the impact of the sesterce's purchasing power.
• Inscriptions on public buildings often detailed expenses in sestertii, revealing the enormous costs of construction and public works. These monuments served as symbols of imperial power and required substantial expenditures. Many of the sestertii were allocated from war spoils.
• The will of a wealthy senator bequeathed 100,000 sestertii to his favorite grandson, ensuring his financial security. This represents how the coin was utilized to ensure inheritance, demonstrating how the coin was used by the upper-class of society. Family members celebrated the generous offering.
• Historical accounts frequently mention payments made in sestertii for various goods and services, illustrating its widespread use in daily commerce. Even relatively small items, such as a loaf of bread, would have a cost assigned within the sestertii. The coin demonstrated the wealth of the country.