Shakers

Shakers, formally known as the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, were a religious sect that originated in England in the 18th century and later flourished in the United States. Characterized by communal living, celibacy, and pacifism, shakers were known for their simple, practical lifestyle, distinctive architecture, and craftwork, particularly furniture and textiles. They practiced ecstatic worship, involving singing, dancing, and shaking, which is the origin of their informal name. Their egalitarian views, including the equal treatment of men and women, and their industriousness, contributed to their relative success, however, their beliefs which restricted procreation led to their eventual decline in numbers, with the last community officially closing in 2017.

Shakers meaning with examples

• The meticulous craftsmanship of the shakers is evident in their iconic furniture, known for its clean lines, functionality, and durable construction. Their workshops produced items like chairs, cabinets, and tables, all designed to serve practical needs while embodying a simple aesthetic. These were often made from solid, locally sourced wood, such as cherry and maple, reflecting their commitment to self-sufficiency and rejection of excessive ornamentation. Their style continues to influence modern design.
• Shaker communities were self-sufficient, growing their own food and producing their own clothing, textiles, and other goods. Their devotion to industry was expressed through various practices of work, reflecting their belief that labor was a form of worship. They carefully organized and maintained their property and gardens. Shaker seeds were sold throughout the region, known for their quality and reliability. They took pride in providing high-quality products that were consistent with their communal lifestyle.
• The religious rituals of the shakers were intensely physical, often involving ecstatic dancing and 'shaking' as a means of expressing spiritual fervor. This practice, which they believed allowed the spirit to move through them, earned them their nickname. Hymns, performed with a cappella singing were an important part of the Shaker worship and were often lively and spontaneous. The religious services were designed to create an environment of spiritual unity amongst the community members.
• Celibacy was a core tenet of the Shaker faith, essential to their survival as a communal group. All members, both men and women, were required to abstain from sexual relations. Although, they were not permitted to reproduce, they still actively welcomed new members to the community. The focus was placed on spiritual family and to be free from any distractions that would inhibit the spiritual growth of their members. The shakers were known for their commitment to social equality and care for their members, particularly the young and elderly.