Solvent

A substance, typically a liquid, that dissolves another substance (a solute), forming a solution. Solvents are crucial in various chemical processes, from cleaning and extraction to chemical synthesis and analysis. They possess the ability to break down the solute's intermolecular forces, allowing for dispersion and ultimately dissolving the solute's particles. The effectiveness of a solvent depends on its polarity, molecular structure, and other physical properties relative to the solute.

Solvent meaning with examples

• Acetone, a common solvent, efficiently removes nail polish because it dissolves the polymers in the polish. Its volatility also aids in rapid drying, leaving the surface clean and ready for the next application. This property makes it a frequently used solvent in cosmetic and cleaning industries, dissolving various resins and varnishes. The process involves dissolving, not reacting.
• In a lab experiment, ethanol serves as a solvent to extract pigments from plant leaves. The process of dissolving the pigment allows scientists to study its properties. Ethanol's ability to dissolve a broad range of organic compounds makes it perfect, including chlorophyll, for analysis. The solvent plays a key role in separating and concentrating the desired compounds.
• Dry cleaning relies on solvents like perchloroethylene to dissolve stains and dirt from clothes without the use of water. This allows the clothes' fibers to maintain their integrity and prevent shrinking, which is crucial for delicate fabrics. The solvent acts by pulling the dirt particles away from the fabric, making it clean.
• During paint manufacturing, a solvent like mineral spirits or turpentine is mixed with pigments and binders to achieve the correct consistency and spreadability. The solvent allows the paint to be applied evenly and dry properly, forming a uniform film once it evaporates. The solvent here reduces the viscosity.