Telophase

Telophase is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis I and II, the processes that divide a cell's nucleus and genetic material. During telophase, the chromosomes, which have been separated and moved to opposite poles of the cell, begin to unravel and decondense, returning to their less condensed chromatin form. New nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes, creating two distinct nuclei. Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, usually occurs concurrently with telophase, ultimately leading to the formation of two (in mitosis) or four (in meiosis) daughter cells, each with a complete set of genetic material. It is essentially the reversal of the processes that occurred during prophase and prometaphase.

Telophase meaning with examples

• In a typical somatic cell undergoing mitosis, Telophase marks the culmination of the chromosomal division. The nuclear envelope reforms around the separated sets of chromosomes, and the chromosomes themselves begin to unwind. Once this unwinding is complete, the cell divides, yielding two daughter cells, which will commence interphase. This is a fundamental step in cell growth and repair.
• During meiosis II, Telophase results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells. The separated sister chromatids arrive at the poles and decondense. Nuclear envelopes form, and cytokinesis results in the division of the original cell into four unique cells, containing a single set of chromosomes. These are sex cells that are genetically diverse.
• The key event during Telophase of mitosis in a plant cell is the formation of a cell plate. Unlike animal cells, which constrict the cell membrane during cytokinesis, plant cells build a new cell wall from the inside out, using vesicles. This structure serves as the platform for the final separation and division of the cytoplasm.
• If errors occur during the Telophase, such as incorrect nuclear envelope formation or failure of cytokinesis, this can lead to cell abnormalities. This can lead to conditions that could lead to genetic instability and disease. The proper completion of Telophase is therefore essential for correct cell division and subsequent cell function.