Torque-controlled

Torque-controlled describes a system or mechanism where the applied force, or torque, is precisely regulated and monitored to achieve a specific outcome. This control is often implemented through sensors, actuators, and sophisticated electronic control units (ECUs). The primary function is to maintain a predetermined level of rotational force, ensuring accuracy, efficiency, and preventing damage or overstress in various applications. This contrasts with systems relying solely on velocity or position control, as torque control directly manages the force exerted, which can be critical in sensitive applications like tightening fasteners, robotic manipulations, and powertrain systems. Factors like material properties, friction, and external loads are all considered within the feedback loop, allowing the system to dynamically adjust to changing conditions.

Torque-controlled meaning with examples

• In automotive assembly, torque-controlled screwdrivers ensure bolts are tightened to the manufacturer's specifications. This prevents under-tightening which can lead to failure and over-tightening which can damage components. The electronic control unit (ECU) monitors torque and shuts off the driver when the desired value is achieved, guaranteeing joint integrity and safety, improving the long-term reliability of the final product.
• Robotic arms used in delicate manufacturing, such as assembling electronics, often employ torque-controlled joints. This precise force regulation allows the robot to handle fragile parts without causing damage. The ability to detect subtle variations in torque also aids in collision avoidance and feedback to the control system, ensuring a smooth and controlled operation and reducing material waste.
• Modern electric vehicles (EVs) utilize torque-controlled electric motors to optimize acceleration and regenerative braking. The ECU commands the motor to deliver the precise torque needed to maintain optimal efficiency. Torque vectoring, another application, uses torque control to enhance vehicle handling and stability, by precisely allocating power to each wheel improving maneuverability in challenging conditions.
• During minimally invasive surgery, torque-controlled surgical instruments allow surgeons to apply the necessary force with great precision. This prevents tissue damage and ensures accurate procedures. The haptic feedback provided via torque sensors allows the surgeon to “feel” the resistance of the tissues, enhancing their control and minimizing the risk of complications, making surgery safer.