Toxicology

Toxicology is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on living organisms and the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of poisoning. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including chemistry, biology, medicine, and pharmacology. Toxicologists investigate how substances enter the body, how they are processed (absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted - ADME), and the mechanisms by which they cause harm at the cellular and molecular levels. Their work informs risk assessment, environmental protection, drug development, and forensic science. The field seeks to identify hazards, quantify risks, and develop strategies to minimize exposure and mitigate adverse health effects. This includes studying acute and chronic exposures, dose-response relationships, and the interplay of factors influencing toxicity, such as age, genetics, and pre-existing conditions.

Toxicology meaning with examples

• The research team used advanced analytical techniques to evaluate the toxicology of the new pesticide on various insect species. Their findings revealed potential ecological risks associated with the compound's persistence in the environment. The study was crucial in determining if the pesticide's use would be restricted or even banned.
• A forensic scientist examined blood samples to conduct toxicology analysis to determine the cause of death. Elevated levels of certain substances were detected, suggesting a potential poisoning. The subsequent investigation involved reviewing the victim's medical history and environmental exposure to chemicals.
• Regulatory agencies utilize toxicology data to set safe exposure limits for various chemicals. They examine scientific reports that assess potential toxicological effects, establish safety standards for consumer products and industrial processes, and protect public health from hazardous materials.
• Environmental scientists studied the toxicology of heavy metals released from an industrial site into a local river. They assessed the impact on aquatic life, the potential for bioaccumulation in the food chain, and the overall impact on the ecosystem to plan for remediation.
• Pharmaceutical companies conduct extensive toxicology studies on new drug candidates before clinical trials. These studies assess the drug's potential toxicity, identify potential side effects, and determine safe dosage levels for human use. This helps determine the overall safety of new medicines.