Transhumance

Transhumance is a seasonal migration of livestock, typically sheep, goats, and cattle, between different grazing grounds. It is a practice deeply rooted in agricultural and pastoral societies, driven by the availability of forage and water resources. The movement usually involves moving herds from low-lying areas to higher altitudes in the summer months to access lush pastures, and then returning to lower, warmer areas in the winter to avoid harsh weather conditions. This cyclical process is a significant element of land management, cultural heritage and can be seen as an adaptive response to changing environmental conditions, particularly seasonal climatic variations.

Transhumance meaning with examples

• For centuries, the inhabitants of the Alps have practiced transhumance, moving their cattle to high mountain pastures in the summer to graze, returning to the valley in the autumn, reflecting cultural traditions. This process is integral to maintaining open landscapes, preventing forest encroachment and providing crucial resources to the surrounding settlements, supporting cultural heritage.
• The traditional herding practices involved in transhumance played a key role in shaping rural communities, where families would travel with their livestock, setting up temporary settlements. These movements shaped economies, social structures and cultural practices.
• As climate change alters the seasonal patterns, traditional transhumance routes are impacted, requiring adaptations to the timing and distances of migrations. This underscores the need for proactive conservation and management, to ensure the long-term sustainability of the practice.
• In regions where transhumance is practiced, cultural festivals celebrate the arrival and departure of herds, often accompanied by traditional music, dance, and local markets. These festivals maintain the significance of this cultural heritage and attract tourists.
• The economic significance of transhumance remains important in many mountainous or remote regions, directly contributing to local economies through the production of dairy products, wool, and meat. The practice supports the livelihoods of numerous families and contributes to regional commerce.