An achene is a small, dry, indehiscent fruit, meaning it does not split open to release its seed. It is a simple fruit formed from a single carpel and contains one seed that is attached to the fruit wall only at a single point. This type of fruit is common in the sunflower family (Asteraceae) and other plant families, often dispersed by wind or animals. The seed coat is separate from the fruit wall making this fruit type easily dispersed and recognized.
Achene meaning with examples
- Sunflowers produce achenes containing edible seeds. These achenes are often harvested for their seeds, used for oil production, or eaten as snacks. The fruit itself is the dry, seed-containing casing. The hard shell protects the seed until the right conditions for germination arise, thus ensuring the continuation of the plant species.
- A dandelion 'puffball' consists of multiple achenes, each with a feathery pappus. The wind disperses these achenes, allowing them to travel long distances. This adaptation increases the plant's chances of colonizing new areas, facilitating the dandelion's ability to spread effectively and populate a variety of habitats.
- In a strawberry, the tiny 'seeds' on the surface are achenes. These achenes contribute to the fruit's overall texture. Each tiny achene holds a seed. The achenes are separated from the fleshy receptacle that develops to surround the ovary thus classifying them as achenes rather than a type of berry.
- Many buttercups also produce achenes. These achenes are usually dispersed by animals or water. The design of these achenes facilitates effective dispersal mechanisms. These ensure that the seeds spread efficiently, thereby ensuring a greater likelihood of a higher rate of successful reproduction.