Closed-loop

A closed-loop system is a self-regulating control system that uses feedback to maintain a desired state or output. This means the system continuously monitors its own performance, compares it to the target, and automatically adjusts to correct any deviations. The feedback mechanism provides information that allows the system to make decisions and changes without external human intervention, ensuring consistent and optimized operation. Examples include thermostats, automated manufacturing processes, and financial accounting. The system actively responds to changes in its environment.

Closed-loop meaning with examples

• In a closed-loop temperature control system, a thermostat continuously measures the room temperature. If the temperature falls below the setpoint, the system activates the heater. Once the temperature rises to the desired level, the heater is automatically switched off. This continuous feedback loop ensures the room temperature remains stable and precise, adapting to external factors like open windows or increased sunlight.
• A closed-loop irrigation system uses sensors to measure soil moisture levels. Based on this data, it automatically controls the water supply to plants. If the soil is dry, the system activates the sprinklers. Conversely, if the soil is adequately watered, the system shuts off the water flow. This prevents overwatering and ensures efficient water usage, promoting healthy plant growth.
• Within a closed-loop inventory management system, sales data are automatically used to reorder more products. As products are sold, the system updates stock levels. When inventory falls below a predefined threshold, the system generates purchase orders, replenishing supplies. This ensures sufficient stock levels and minimizes waste. The process continually repeats based on real-time sales and stock data.
• In a closed-loop manufacturing system, robotic arms might assemble products. Sensors monitor the quality of each product. Any deviations from the specifications trigger an adjustment to the assembly process. This ensures consistent quality and minimizes defects. The system continuously checks for errors, providing feedback to correct issues during production, increasing efficiency.
• A closed-loop feedback financial system may use customer satisfaction scores, transaction records and market research. This feedback is processed to analyze customer behavior, financial risk assessment and predict future trends. These observations would initiate alterations in investment strategies, product development and marketing campaigns. Continuous evaluations create a cycle of improvement.