Heteronomy

Heteronomy is the state of being subject to the control of another, especially in terms of moral or ethical decision-making. It signifies acting according to external rules, laws, or pressures rather than one's own autonomous will or reason. Essentially, it's the opposite of self-governance and free agency. It implies a lack of personal responsibility for one's actions, as the source of the directive originates from outside oneself. This can manifest in various forms, from following societal norms without critical thought to submitting to the commands of a dictator. In philosophy, it often contrasts with the concept of autonomy, which emphasizes self-determination and the capacity for rational, independent moral judgment.

Heteronomy meaning with examples

• A child's behavior is often heteronomous, guided by parental rules and expectations, rather than a developed sense of right and wrong. They comply to receive rewards or avoid punishments, demonstrating external control. Their understanding of morality is not internalised, so their actions come from external enforcement and not their own moral compass, illustrating heteronomy as a dependent, externally driven system of behavior.
• Employees who consistently follow company policies without questioning their ethical implications, even if these policies conflict with their personal values, are exhibiting heteronomous behavior. They prioritize compliance to their superiors' dictates, disregarding their autonomous moral judgment. They are thus acting according to external pressures, prioritizing their career over their own personal moral compass.
• A citizen blindly obeying the laws of a totalitarian regime, even if those laws are unjust or harmful, demonstrates heteronomy. Their fear of reprisal and potential punishment, regardless of their own moral convictions, overrides the ability to act according to self-determined principles. It shows obedience to external power, suppressing their independent judgment.
• Some religious adherents may practice heteronomous morality by strictly adhering to scriptures and religious laws, regardless of individual circumstances or personal values. They let the rules dictate their actions without personal reasoning, believing it is the will of a higher power. This dependence on external moral authority exemplifies heteronomy within religious and spiritual practice.