Mucopolysaccharide

A mucopolysaccharide is a type of polysaccharide, a complex carbohydrate, composed of repeating disaccharide units. These units typically contain an amino sugar (like glucosamine or galactosamine) and a uronic acid (like glucuronic or iduronic acid). Mucopolysaccharides are major components of the extracellular matrix of animal tissues, providing structural support, lubrication, and regulating cell signaling and adhesion. They are often sulfated, contributing to their anionic nature and ability to bind to water and various proteins. The primary function of mucopolysaccharides is to provide structural integrity, regulate cell functions and facilitate cell-cell interactions. Variations in their structure and composition determine their specific roles.

Mucopolysaccharide meaning with examples

• Hyaluronic acid, a mucopolysaccharide, is a major component of synovial fluid, providing lubrication in joints, which is essential for easy movements and to keep the body working well. It acts as a shock absorber and helps to keep the fluid viscous. Its presence allows the components of our body to flow with each other easily.
• Chondroitin sulfate, another mucopolysaccharide, is abundant in cartilage, helping to provide its resilience and tensile strength. It attracts water, hydrating the cartilage and allowing it to withstand compressive forces. This mucopolysaccharide plays a role in the formation of new cartilage cells and slows down the break down of the cartilage cells.
• Heparin, a highly sulfated mucopolysaccharide, is a potent anticoagulant used in medical treatments to prevent blood clot formation. It activates antithrombin, which inhibits the activity of thrombin and other clotting factors. Without this particular mucopolysaccharide blood clots will form and they are very dangerous for the human body.
• Keratan sulfate, a mucopolysaccharide, is found in cartilage, cornea, and bone, contributing to tissue hydration and structural integrity. It's also involved in regulating the corneal transparency. Keratan sulphate is important in keeping all bones, cartilage and corneas functioning properly.
• Dermatan sulfate, a mucopolysaccharide, is found in skin, blood vessels, and tendons, contributing to their elasticity and structural support. It can interact with collagen fibers. This particular mucopolysaccharide has importance in keeping our skin and blood vessels as they should be.