Particularism

Particularism, in its broadest sense, is the prioritization of specific interests, groups, or local concerns over broader, more general, or universal ones. It emphasizes distinctiveness, separateness, and the unique characteristics of a specific entity, be it a nation, community, individual, or cultural group. This can manifest as favoring local businesses, national identity over global cooperation, or the interests of a specific demographic over the overall well-being of society. The core idea is a focus on 'the particular' rather than 'the universal,' potentially leading to fragmentation and a lack of cohesive action when faced with wider societal challenges. It can lead to in-group favoritism or outright discrimination based on one's own specific background, as the broader perspective is lost.

Particularism meaning with examples

• The rise of nationalist movements often reflects political particularism, where national interests and identities are fiercely defended, sometimes at the expense of international cooperation or the rights of other nations. This can manifest in protectionist trade policies, immigration restrictions, and a general skepticism towards global institutions, putting their own people first.
• In healthcare, particularism might be evident when a hospital prioritizes serving a specific affluent neighborhood, potentially leaving underserved communities with inadequate access to medical resources. Such a narrow focus on a localized group can result in health inequalities and a less robust public health system.
• Cultural particularism can be seen in debates over cultural appropriation. Those concerned with this issue are worried a dominant culture is taking away from another's, meaning they emphasize respecting the boundaries of distinct cultural traditions and practices to maintain their integrity.
• The allocation of government funds, especially in a geographically dispersed country can reveal political particularism if certain regions receive disproportionately high levels of funding. This can generate resentment and further divide the country if other regions are being ignored or short changed in the process.
• When a company chooses to source its materials exclusively from local suppliers, regardless of the potential cost savings or quality improvements offered by international options, it demonstrates economic particularism. This preference can support the local economy but might also raise production costs and limit its global competitiveness.